Glossary

AI marketing & GEO, defined.

Plain-English definitions of the terms an indie founder running their own growth actually runs into — generative engine optimization, human-in-the-loop, programmatic SEO, and more. Each entry is a quick definition with a pointer to the deeper guide.

GEO

AI citation

An AI citation is when an AI assistant or answer engine (such as ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, or Gemini) names your p

Answer Engine Optimization (AEO)

Answer Engine Optimization (AEO) is the practice of structuring and formatting content so that answer engines -- AI assistants, vo

Entity SEO

Entity SEO is the practice of helping search engines and AI systems unambiguously identify your brand, people, products, and topic

Featured snippet

A featured snippet is the boxed answer Google shows at the very top of search results, above the standard organic links, automatic

Generative Engine Optimization (GEO)

Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) is the practice of structuring your content and brand presence so AI answer engines -- ChatGP

Google AI Overviews

Google AI Overviews are the AI-generated answer boxes that appear at the top of Google search results, where Gemini synthesizes a

llms.txt

llms.txt is a plain-text, Markdown-formatted file placed at a website's root (yoursite.com/llms.txt) that gives large language mod

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an AI architecture that fetches relevant documents from an external knowledge source at qu

Schema markup

Schema markup is structured data code (usually written in JSON-LD) that you add to a web page to label what its content means — fo

Speakable schema

Speakable schema is a Schema.org structured-data property (using the SpeakableSpecification type) that marks the specific sections

Topical authority

Topical authority is the degree to which a search engine or AI model treats your site as a genuine expert on a whole subject area,

Zero-click search

A zero-click search is a search where the user gets their answer directly on the results page (via an AI Overview, featured snippe

AI agents

Agent autonomy spectrum

The agent autonomy spectrum is the range of how much independent decision-making and action an AI agent is allowed to take, from l

Agent orchestration

Agent orchestration is the coordination layer that decides which AI agent acts, when, on what data, and with what authority so tha

Agent-washing

Agent-washing is the practice of marketing ordinary automation, scripted chatbots, or rule-based workflows as autonomous "AI agent

Agentic workflow

An agentic workflow is a goal-directed AI process where an AI agent decides the sequence of steps at runtime -- planning, calling

AI agent

An AI agent is a software system, usually powered by a large language model, that perceives a situation, reasons about a goal, and

AI copilot

An AI copilot is an AI assistant that works alongside a person inside their workflow, suggesting, drafting, and surfacing insights

AI Growth Officer

An AI Growth Officer is an AI agent that acts as the lead, orchestrating role for a startup's growth function: it takes a goal, br

AI marketing agent

An AI marketing agent is a software agent powered by a large language model that carries out marketing work — researching, draftin

AI teammate

An AI teammate is an AI system that works alongside people as a collaborator you direct and review, rather than a tool you operate

Approval gate

An approval gate is a checkpoint in an automated or AI-driven workflow where a human must review and explicitly approve a proposed

Evidence chain

An evidence chain is the linked trail of sources, data, and reasoning steps that backs a claim or an agent's action, so anyone can

Human-in-the-loop (HITL)

Human-in-the-loop (HITL) is a design pattern where a person reviews, approves, or corrects an AI system's output before it takes e

Marketing

Content cluster

A content cluster (or topic cluster) is a group of interlinked pages on one subject: a broad pillar page that gives the overview,

Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO)

Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO) is the practice of increasing the share of visitors who take a desired action (sign up, start a

Domain Rating (DR)

Domain Rating (DR) is an Ahrefs metric, scored 0 to 100, that measures the relative strength of a website's backlink profile based

Ideal Customer Profile (ICP)

An Ideal Customer Profile (ICP) is a description of the exact type of company or person who gets the most value from your product

Internal linking

Internal linking is the practice of connecting pages within your own website using hyperlinks, so that related content references

Programmatic SEO (pSEO)

Programmatic SEO (pSEO) is the practice of generating hundreds or thousands of search-optimized pages automatically by combining a

Search intent

Search intent (also called user intent) is the underlying goal behind a search query: what the person actually wants to accomplish

Growth

AI-native startup

An AI-native startup is a company built from the ground up with AI as a core part of the product, the team, and the day-to-day ope

Build in public

Build in public is the practice of openly sharing the journey of building a product or company -- shipping updates, metrics, wins,

Cold email

Cold email is a personalized, unsolicited outreach message sent to a prospect you have no prior relationship with, usually in B2B

Fractional CMO

A fractional CMO is a senior marketing executive who leads a company's marketing strategy on a part-time, contract basis, giving s

Growth loop

A growth loop is a self-reinforcing system where the output of one cycle of users or activity feeds back in as the input for the n

Lifecycle email

Lifecycle email is a sequence of automated, behavior-triggered emails that move a user through each stage of their relationship wi

One-person company

A one-person company is a business founded, owned, and run by a single person who stays the sole strategic operator while leaning

Product Hunt launch

A Product Hunt launch is the act of listing a new product on Product Hunt, a community site where makers post products and users u

Referral program

A referral program is a structured growth channel that rewards your existing customers for recommending your product to new people

AI Marketing & GEO Glossary — Definitions for Founders | Ceres